Lympany PA, du Bois RM . Diffuse lung disease: product of genetic susceptibility and environmental encounters. Thorax 1997; 52: 92–94.
du Bois RM . Sarcoidosis: do our genes really matter? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164: 725–726.
James DG, Turiaf J, Hosoda Y et al. Description of sarcoidosis: report of the Subcommittee on Classification and Definition. Ann NY Acad Sci 1976; 278: 742.
Mitchell DN, Rees RJ . A transmissible agent from sarcoid tissue. Lancet 1969; 2: 81–84.
Heyll A, Meckenstock G, Aul C et al. Possible transmission of sarcoidosis via allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 1994; 14: 161–164.
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
De Vuyst P, Dumortier P, Schandene L, Estenne M, Verhest A, Yernault JC . Sarcoid like lung granulomatosis induced by aluminum dusts. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987; 135: 493–497.
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Skelton III HG, Smith KJ, Johnson FB, Cooper CR, Tyler WF, Lupton GP . Zirconium granuloma resulting from an aluminum zirconium complex: a previously unrecognized agent in the development of hypersensitivity granulomas. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993; 28(Part 2): 874–876.
Saltini C, Spurzem JR, Lee JJ, Pinkston P, Crystal RG . Spontaneous release of interleukin 2 by lung T lymphocytes in active pulmonary sarcoidosis is primarily from the Leu3+DR+ T cell subset. J Clin Invest 1986; 77: 1962–1970.
Semenzato G, Pezzutto A, Chilosi M, Pizzolo G . Redistribution of T lymphocytes in the lymph nodes of patients with sarcoidosis. N Engl J Med 1982; 306: 48–49.
Hunninghake GW, Crystal RG . Pulmonary sarcoidosis: a disorder mediated by excess helper T-lymphocyte activity at sites of disease activity. N Engl J Med 1981; 305: 429–434.
Muller-Quernheim J, Kronke M, Strausz J, Schykowski M, Ferlinz R . Interleukin-2 receptor gene expression by bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocytes in pulmonary sarcoidosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989; 140: 82–88.
Greene CM, Meachery G, Taggart CC et al. Role of IL-18 in CD4+ T lymphocyte activation in sarcoidosis. J Immunol 2000; 165: 4718–4724.
Robinson BW, McLemore TL, Crystal RG . Gamma interferon is spontaneously released by alveolar macrophages and lung T lymphocytes in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. J Clin Invest 1985; 75: 1488–1495.
Muller-Quernheim J, Saltini C, Sondermeyer P, Crystal RG . Compartmentalized activation of the interleukin 2 gene by lung T lymphocytes in active pulmonary sarcoidosis. J Immunol 1986; 137: 3475–3483.
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Muller-Quernheim J, Pfeifer S, Mannel D, Strausz J, Ferlinz R . Lung-restricted activation of the alveolar macrophage/monocyte system in pulmonary sarcoidosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992; 145: 187–192.
Hunninghake GW . Release of interleukin-1 by alveolar macrophages of patients with active pulmonary sarcoidosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1984; 129: 569–572.
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Car BD, Meloni F, Luisetti M, Semenzato G, Gialdroni-Grassi G, Walz A . Elevated IL-8 and MCP-1 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary sarcoidosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 149(Part 1): 655–659.
Perkins ND . The Rel/NF-kappa B family: friend and foe. Trends Biochem Sci 2000; 25: 434–440.
Klement JF, Rice NR, Car BD et al. Ikappa B alpha deficiency results in a sustained NF-kappaB response and severe widespread dermatitis in mice. Mol Cell Biol 1996; 16: 2341–2349.
Rutherford RM, Kehren J, Staedtler F et al. Functional genomics in sarcoidosis—reduced or increased apoptosis? Swiss Med Wkly 2001; 131: 459–470.
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Drent M, van den BR, Haenen GR, van den BH, Wouters EF, Bast A . NF-kappaB activation in sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2001; 18: 50–56.
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Conron M, Bondeson J, Pantelidis P et al. Alveolar macrophages and T cells from sarcoid, but not normal lung, are permissive to adenovirus infection and allow analysis of NF-kappa B-dependent signaling pathways. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2001; 25: 141–149.
Mozzato-Chamay N, Corbett EL, Bailey RL, Mabey DC, Raynes J, Conway DJ . Polymorphisms in the IkappaB-alpha promoter region and risk of diseases involving inflammation and fibrosis. Genes Immun 2001; 2: 153–155.
McGrath DS, Foley PJ, Petrek M et al. Ace gene I/D polymorphism and sarcoidosis pulmonary disease severity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164: 197–201.
Grutters JC, Sato H, Pantelidis P et al. Increased frequency of the uncommon tumor necrosis factor −857T allele in British and Dutch patients with sarcoidosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002; 165: 1119–1124.
Sato H, Grutters JC, Pantelidis P et al. HLA-DQB1*0201: A marker for good prognosis in British and Dutch patients with sarcoidosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2002; 27: 406–412.
Bunce M, O'Neill CM, Barnardo MC et al. Phototyping: comprehensive DNA typing for HLA-A, B, C, DRB1, DRB3, DRB4, DRB5 & DQB1 by PCR with 144 primer mixes utilizing sequence-specific primers (PCR–SSP). Tissue Antigens 1995; 46: 355–367.
Teirstein AS, Siltzbach LE, Berger H . Patterns of sarcoidosis in three population groups in New York City. Ann NY Acad Sci 1976; 278: 371–376.
Edmondstone WM, Wilson AG . Sarcoidosis in Caucasians, Blacks and Asians in London. Br J Dis Chest 1985; 79: 27–36.
Gideon NM, Mannino DM . Sarcoidosis mortality in the United States 1979–1991: an analysis of multiple-cause mortality data. Am J Med 1996; 100: 423–427.
Haddad JJ, Land SC . Amiloride blockades lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory cytokine biosynthesis in an IkappaB-alpha/NF-kappaB-dependent mechanism. Evidence for the amplification of an antiinflammatory pathway in the alveolar epithelium. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2002; 26: 114–126.
Yoo CG, Lee S, Lee CT, Kim YW, Han SK, Shim YS . Anti-inflammatory effect of heat shock protein induction is related to stabilization of I kappa B alpha through preventing I kappa B kinase activation in respiratory epithelial cells. J Immunol 2000; 164: 5416–5423.
Haddad JJ, Land SC, Tarnow-Mordi WO, Zembala M, Kowalczyk D, Lauterbach R . Immunopharmacological potential of selective phosphodiesterase inhibition. II. Evidence for the involvement of an inhibitory-kappaB/nuclear factor-kappaB-sensitive pathway in alveolar epithelial cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002; 300: 567–576.
Udalova IA, Richardson A, Denys A et al. Functional consequences of a polymorphism affecting NF-kappaB p50-p50 binding to the TNF promoter region. Mol Cell Biol 2000; 20: 9113–9119.
Schurmann M, Bein G, Kirsten D, Schlaak M, Muller-Quernheim J, Schwinger E . HLA-DQB1 and HLA-DPB1 genotypes in familial sarcoidosis. Respir Med 1998; 92: 649–652.